[SWAGGER] Tìm hiểu về Swagger để viết API (ok)

https://viblo.asia/p/tim-hieu-ve-swagger-de-viet-api-XL6lAwbAKek

Tìm hiểu về Swagger để viết API

swaggerAPIOpenAPI

1. OpenAPI là gì

OpenAPI Specification là một định dạng mô tả API dành cho REST APIs. Một file OpenAPI cho phép bạn mô tả toàn bộ API bao gồm cả

  • Cho phép những endpoints (/users) và cách thức hoạt động của mỗi endpoint (GET /users, POST /users)

  • Các tham số đầu vào & đầu ra của từng hoạt động

  • Phương thức xác thực

  • Thông tin liên lạc, chứng chỉ, điều khoản sử dụng và những thông tin khác

API specifications có thể được viết bằng YAML hoặc JSON. Định dạng này dễ đọc, dễ hiểu cho cả người dùng lẫn ngôn ngữ máy tính

2. Swagger là gì

Swagger là một bộ công cụ mã nguồn mở để xây dựng OpenAPI specifications giúp bạn có thể thiết kế, xây dựng tài liệu và sử dụng REST APIs

3. Cấu trúc cơ bản

3.1: Metadata

Mỗi OpenAPI specifications sẽ bắt đầu với từ khóa openapi để khai báo phiên bản (VD: openapi: 3.0.0). Phiên bản này sẽ định nghĩa toàn bộ cấu trúc của API Phân info sẽ chứa những thông tin của API như: title, desscription (tùy chọn), version

  • title là tên API của bạn

  • description là thông tin mở rộng về API của bạn. Bạn có thể viết thành nhiều dòng & hỗ trợ cú pháp Markdown

  • info cũng hỗ trợ những từ khóa về thông tin liên lạc, chứng chỉ, điều khoản sử dụng và những thông tin khác

info:
  title: Sample API
  description: Optional multiline or single-line description in [CommonMark](http://commonmark.org/help/) or HTML.
  version: 0.1.9

3.2: Servers

3.3: Paths

  • Phần này sẽ bắt đầu bằng từ khóa paths

  • Sau đó là đến những path trong API (/user/{userId})

  • Tiếp đến là phương thức của API (GET, POST, DELETE, PUT ...)

  • summary là phần mô tả tóm tắt của API

  • parameters: sẽ là những tham số truyền vào API. Bạn có thể set tham số required hay không, mô tả nó (description) hoặc validate. Đặc biệt trong phần này. bạn có thể chỉ định 1 schema (hiểu nôm na là 1 Model) để có thể định nghĩa cho phần tham số thông qua schema & $ref

  • response là phần trả về của server. Bạn có thể định nghĩa những HTTP code: 200, 404, 500 ... với những mô tả cho từng trường hợp

3.4: Schema

  • Tham số đầu tiên là tên của Model (User)

  • Tiếp đó sẽ là phần kiểu định dạng (object)

  • Sau đó là phần thuộc tính của Model này

Trên đây mình đã hướng dẫn sơ qua về những tính năng của swagger mà mình đã sử dụng trong dự án Các bạn có thể vào link để có thể viết API 1 cách tiện nhất. Nó sẽ render UI ngay lập tức cho bạn

swagger: "2.0"
info:
  description: "This is a sample server Petstore server.  You can find out more about     Swagger at [http://swagger.io](http://swagger.io) or on [irc.freenode.net, #swagger](http://swagger.io/irc/).      For this sample, you can use the api key `special-key` to test the authorization     filters."
  version: "1.0.0"
  title: "Swagger Petstore"
  termsOfService: "http://swagger.io/terms/"
  contact:
    email: "apiteam@swagger.io"
  license:
    name: "Apache 2.0"
    url: "http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html"
host: "petstore.swagger.io"
basePath: "/v2"
tags:
- name: "pet"
  description: "Everything about your Pets"
  externalDocs:
    description: "Find out more"
    url: "http://swagger.io"
- name: "store"
  description: "Access to Petstore orders"
- name: "user"
  description: "Operations about user"
  externalDocs:
    description: "Find out more about our store"
    url: "http://swagger.io"
schemes:
- "https"
- "http"
paths:
  /pet:
    post:
      tags:
      - "pet"
      summary: "Add a new pet to the store"
      description: ""
      operationId: "addPet"
      consumes:
      - "application/json"
      - "application/xml"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - in: "body"
        name: "body"
        description: "Pet object that needs to be added to the store"
        required: true
        schema:
          $ref: "#/definitions/Pet"
      responses:
        "405":
          description: "Invalid input"
      security:
      - petstore_auth:
        - "write:pets"
        - "read:pets"
    put:
      tags:
      - "pet"
      summary: "Update an existing pet"
      description: ""
      operationId: "updatePet"
      consumes:
      - "application/json"
      - "application/xml"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - in: "body"
        name: "body"
        description: "Pet object that needs to be added to the store"
        required: true
        schema:
          $ref: "#/definitions/Pet"
      responses:
        "400":
          description: "Invalid ID supplied"
        "404":
          description: "Pet not found"
        "405":
          description: "Validation exception"
      security:
      - petstore_auth:
        - "write:pets"
        - "read:pets"
  /pet/findByStatus:
    get:
      tags:
      - "pet"
      summary: "Finds Pets by status"
      description: "Multiple status values can be provided with comma separated strings"
      operationId: "findPetsByStatus"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - name: "status"
        in: "query"
        description: "Status values that need to be considered for filter"
        required: true
        type: "array"
        items:
          type: "string"
          enum:
          - "available"
          - "pending"
          - "sold"
          default: "available"
        collectionFormat: "multi"
      responses:
        "200":
          description: "successful operation"
          schema:
            type: "array"
            items:
              $ref: "#/definitions/Pet"
        "400":
          description: "Invalid status value"
      security:
      - petstore_auth:
        - "write:pets"
        - "read:pets"
  /pet/findByTags:
    get:
      tags:
      - "pet"
      summary: "Finds Pets by tags"
      description: "Muliple tags can be provided with comma separated strings. Use         tag1, tag2, tag3 for testing."
      operationId: "findPetsByTags"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - name: "tags"
        in: "query"
        description: "Tags to filter by"
        required: true
        type: "array"
        items:
          type: "string"
        collectionFormat: "multi"
      responses:
        "200":
          description: "successful operation"
          schema:
            type: "array"
            items:
              $ref: "#/definitions/Pet"
        "400":
          description: "Invalid tag value"
      security:
      - petstore_auth:
        - "write:pets"
        - "read:pets"
      deprecated: true
  /pet/{petId}:
    get:
      tags:
      - "pet"
      summary: "Find pet by ID"
      description: "Returns a single pet"
      operationId: "getPetById"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - name: "petId"
        in: "path"
        description: "ID of pet to return"
        required: true
        type: "integer"
        format: "int64"
      responses:
        "200":
          description: "successful operation"
          schema:
            $ref: "#/definitions/Pet"
        "400":
          description: "Invalid ID supplied"
        "404":
          description: "Pet not found"
      security:
      - api_key: []
    post:
      tags:
      - "pet"
      summary: "Updates a pet in the store with form data"
      description: ""
      operationId: "updatePetWithForm"
      consumes:
      - "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - name: "petId"
        in: "path"
        description: "ID of pet that needs to be updated"
        required: true
        type: "integer"
        format: "int64"
      - name: "name"
        in: "formData"
        description: "Updated name of the pet"
        required: false
        type: "string"
      - name: "status"
        in: "formData"
        description: "Updated status of the pet"
        required: false
        type: "string"
      responses:
        "405":
          description: "Invalid input"
      security:
      - petstore_auth:
        - "write:pets"
        - "read:pets"
    delete:
      tags:
      - "pet"
      summary: "Deletes a pet"
      description: ""
      operationId: "deletePet"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - name: "api_key"
        in: "header"
        required: false
        type: "string"
      - name: "petId"
        in: "path"
        description: "Pet id to delete"
        required: true
        type: "integer"
        format: "int64"
      responses:
        "400":
          description: "Invalid ID supplied"
        "404":
          description: "Pet not found"
      security:
      - petstore_auth:
        - "write:pets"
        - "read:pets"
  /pet/{petId}/uploadImage:
    post:
      tags:
      - "pet"
      summary: "uploads an image"
      description: ""
      operationId: "uploadFile"
      consumes:
      - "multipart/form-data"
      produces:
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - name: "petId"
        in: "path"
        description: "ID of pet to update"
        required: true
        type: "integer"
        format: "int64"
      - name: "additionalMetadata"
        in: "formData"
        description: "Additional data to pass to server"
        required: false
        type: "string"
      - name: "file"
        in: "formData"
        description: "file to upload"
        required: false
        type: "file"
      responses:
        "200":
          description: "successful operation"
          schema:
            $ref: "#/definitions/ApiResponse"
      security:
      - petstore_auth:
        - "write:pets"
        - "read:pets"
  /store/inventory:
    get:
      tags:
      - "store"
      summary: "Returns pet inventories by status"
      description: "Returns a map of status codes to quantities"
      operationId: "getInventory"
      produces:
      - "application/json"
      parameters: []
      responses:
        "200":
          description: "successful operation"
          schema:
            type: "object"
            additionalProperties:
              type: "integer"
              format: "int32"
      security:
      - api_key: []
  /store/order:
    post:
      tags:
      - "store"
      summary: "Place an order for a pet"
      description: ""
      operationId: "placeOrder"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - in: "body"
        name: "body"
        description: "order placed for purchasing the pet"
        required: true
        schema:
          $ref: "#/definitions/Order"
      responses:
        "200":
          description: "successful operation"
          schema:
            $ref: "#/definitions/Order"
        "400":
          description: "Invalid Order"
  /store/order/{orderId}:
    get:
      tags:
      - "store"
      summary: "Find purchase order by ID"
      description: "For valid response try integer IDs with value >= 1 and <= 10.         Other values will generated exceptions"
      operationId: "getOrderById"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - name: "orderId"
        in: "path"
        description: "ID of pet that needs to be fetched"
        required: true
        type: "integer"
        maximum: 10.0
        minimum: 1.0
        format: "int64"
      responses:
        "200":
          description: "successful operation"
          schema:
            $ref: "#/definitions/Order"
        "400":
          description: "Invalid ID supplied"
        "404":
          description: "Order not found"
    delete:
      tags:
      - "store"
      summary: "Delete purchase order by ID"
      description: "For valid response try integer IDs with positive integer value.         Negative or non-integer values will generate API errors"
      operationId: "deleteOrder"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - name: "orderId"
        in: "path"
        description: "ID of the order that needs to be deleted"
        required: true
        type: "integer"
        minimum: 1.0
        format: "int64"
      responses:
        "400":
          description: "Invalid ID supplied"
        "404":
          description: "Order not found"
  /user:
    post:
      tags:
      - "user"
      summary: "Create user"
      description: "This can only be done by the logged in user."
      operationId: "createUser"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - in: "body"
        name: "body"
        description: "Created user object"
        required: true
        schema:
          $ref: "#/definitions/User"
      responses:
        default:
          description: "successful operation"
  /user/createWithArray:
    post:
      tags:
      - "user"
      summary: "Creates list of users with given input array"
      description: ""
      operationId: "createUsersWithArrayInput"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - in: "body"
        name: "body"
        description: "List of user object"
        required: true
        schema:
          type: "array"
          items:
            $ref: "#/definitions/User"
      responses:
        default:
          description: "successful operation"
  /user/createWithList:
    post:
      tags:
      - "user"
      summary: "Creates list of users with given input array"
      description: ""
      operationId: "createUsersWithListInput"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - in: "body"
        name: "body"
        description: "List of user object"
        required: true
        schema:
          type: "array"
          items:
            $ref: "#/definitions/User"
      responses:
        default:
          description: "successful operation"
  /user/login:
    get:
      tags:
      - "user"
      summary: "Logs user into the system"
      description: ""
      operationId: "loginUser"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - name: "username"
        in: "query"
        description: "The user name for login"
        required: true
        type: "string"
      - name: "password"
        in: "query"
        description: "The password for login in clear text"
        required: true
        type: "string"
      responses:
        "200":
          description: "successful operation"
          schema:
            type: "string"
          headers:
            X-Rate-Limit:
              type: "integer"
              format: "int32"
              description: "calls per hour allowed by the user"
            X-Expires-After:
              type: "string"
              format: "date-time"
              description: "date in UTC when token expires"
        "400":
          description: "Invalid username/password supplied"
  /user/logout:
    get:
      tags:
      - "user"
      summary: "Logs out current logged in user session"
      description: ""
      operationId: "logoutUser"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters: []
      responses:
        default:
          description: "successful operation"
  /user/{username}:
    get:
      tags:
      - "user"
      summary: "Get user by user name"
      description: ""
      operationId: "getUserByName"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - name: "username"
        in: "path"
        description: "The name that needs to be fetched. Use user1 for testing. "
        required: true
        type: "string"
      responses:
        "200":
          description: "successful operation"
          schema:
            $ref: "#/definitions/User"
        "400":
          description: "Invalid username supplied"
        "404":
          description: "User not found"
    put:
      tags:
      - "user"
      summary: "Updated user"
      description: "This can only be done by the logged in user."
      operationId: "updateUser"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - name: "username"
        in: "path"
        description: "name that need to be updated"
        required: true
        type: "string"
      - in: "body"
        name: "body"
        description: "Updated user object"
        required: true
        schema:
          $ref: "#/definitions/User"
      responses:
        "400":
          description: "Invalid user supplied"
        "404":
          description: "User not found"
    delete:
      tags:
      - "user"
      summary: "Delete user"
      description: "This can only be done by the logged in user."
      operationId: "deleteUser"
      produces:
      - "application/xml"
      - "application/json"
      parameters:
      - name: "username"
        in: "path"
        description: "The name that needs to be deleted"
        required: true
        type: "string"
      responses:
        "400":
          description: "Invalid username supplied"
        "404":
          description: "User not found"
securityDefinitions:
  petstore_auth:
    type: "oauth2"
    authorizationUrl: "http://petstore.swagger.io/oauth/dialog"
    flow: "implicit"
    scopes:
      write:pets: "modify pets in your account"
      read:pets: "read your pets"
  api_key:
    type: "apiKey"
    name: "api_key"
    in: "header"
definitions:
  Order:
    type: "object"
    properties:
      id:
        type: "integer"
        format: "int64"
      petId:
        type: "integer"
        format: "int64"
      quantity:
        type: "integer"
        format: "int32"
      shipDate:
        type: "string"
        format: "date-time"
      status:
        type: "string"
        description: "Order Status"
        enum:
        - "placed"
        - "approved"
        - "delivered"
      complete:
        type: "boolean"
        default: false
    xml:
      name: "Order"
  Category:
    type: "object"
    properties:
      id:
        type: "integer"
        format: "int64"
      name:
        type: "string"
    xml:
      name: "Category"
  User:
    type: "object"
    properties:
      id:
        type: "integer"
        format: "int64"
      username:
        type: "string"
      firstName:
        type: "string"
      lastName:
        type: "string"
      email:
        type: "string"
      password:
        type: "string"
      phone:
        type: "string"
      userStatus:
        type: "integer"
        format: "int32"
        description: "User Status"
    xml:
      name: "User"
  Tag:
    type: "object"
    properties:
      id:
        type: "integer"
        format: "int64"
      name:
        type: "string"
    xml:
      name: "Tag"
  Pet:
    type: "object"
    required:
    - "name"
    - "photoUrls"
    properties:
      id:
        type: "integer"
        format: "int64"
      category:
        $ref: "#/definitions/Category"
      name:
        type: "string"
        example: "doggie"
      photoUrls:
        type: "array"
        xml:
          name: "photoUrl"
          wrapped: true
        items:
          type: "string"
      tags:
        type: "array"
        xml:
          name: "tag"
          wrapped: true
        items:
          $ref: "#/definitions/Tag"
      status:
        type: "string"
        description: "pet status in the store"
        enum:
        - "available"
        - "pending"
        - "sold"
    xml:
      name: "Pet"
  ApiResponse:
    type: "object"
    properties:
      code:
        type: "integer"
        format: "int32"
      type:
        type: "string"
      message:
        type: "string"
externalDocs:
  description: "Find out more about Swagger"
  url: "http://swagger.io"

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